Journal of Economics Library
http://kspjournals.org/index.php/JEL
JEL (ISSN: 2149-2379) is published as four issues per year, March, June, September and December and all publication policies and processes are conducted according to the international standards. JEL is an international, double-blind peer-reviewed, quarterly, open-access journal published by the KSP Journals. JEL accepts and publishes the research articles in the fields of economics, political economy, fiscal economics, applied economics, business economics, labour economics and econometrics. JEL, without depending on any institution or organisation, is a non-profit journal that has an International Editorial Board specialists on their fields. Papers which are inappropriate to its scientific purpose, scope and fields are kindly rejected. It strictly depends on the scientific principles, rules and ethical framework that are required to this qualification.en-USJournal of Economics Library2149-2379<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="license"><img style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a><br />This article licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="license"> Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (4.0)</a>Front Matter
http://kspjournals.org/index.php/JEL/article/view/2445
Front MatterEconSciences Journals101-210.1453/jel.v10i1-2.2445Competitiveness of agricultural farms of different juridical types, sizes, specialization, and locations in Bulgaria
http://kspjournals.org/index.php/JEL/article/view/2440
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The competitiveness of farms is usually assessed through traditional indicators of technical and accountancy efficiency, the productivity of factors of production, the profitability of activity, farms’ market position and shares, etc. A systematic approach for defining competitiveness and formulating its pillars, principles, criteria, and indicators has been rarely implemented, end the critical governance aspects have been largely ignored. The article incorporates a holistic multipillars framework, and assesses the levels of and correlations between the competitiveness of Bulgarian farms of different juridical types, economic sizes, product specialization, and ecological and geographical locations. Farm competitiveness is defined as capability (governance and production potential) of an agricultural holding to maintain sustainable competitive positions on (certain) market(s), leading to high economic performance through continuous improvement and adaptation to changing market, natural and institutional environment. Accordingly, the main “pillars" of farm competitiveness are identified as Economic efficiency (Production Pillar), Financial endowment (Financial Pillar), Adaptability and Sustainability (Governance Pillar). For assessing the level of competitiveness of Bulgarian farms, a system of 4 criteria for each Pillar and 17 particular and 5 integral indicators are used. The study has found out that the level of competitiveness of agricultural holdings in the country is at a good level, but there is significant differentiation in the level and factors of competitiveness of holdings with different juridical types, sizes, product specialization, ecological and geographical location. The low adaptive potential and economic efficiency to the greatest extent contribute to lowering the competitiveness of Bulgarian agricultural producers. Especially critical for maintaining the competitive positions of farms are the low productivity, income, financial security and adaptability to changes in the natural environment, in which directions the public support of farms and their management strategies for development should be directed. A large share of farms of different types have a low level of competitiveness, and if measures are not taken in a due time to increase competitiveness by improving the management and restructuring of farms, adequate state support, etc., a large part of Bulgarian farms will cease to exist in the near future. The suggested approach for assessing the competitiveness of farms should be improved and applied more widely and periodically. The precision and representativeness of the information used should also be increased by increasing the number of farms surveyed, which requires close cooperation with other interested parties, and improving the system for collecting agro-statistical information in the country and the EU.</p><p><strong>Keywords.</strong> Competitiveness; Production; Financial, and governance pillars; Farms.</p><strong>JEL. </strong>Q10; O31; O33; Q01; Q16; Q18.Hrabrin BACHEV101-212410.1453/jel.v10i1-2.2440Suggestive commitment and employability itinerary. A psychosocial study of the causes of idleness among young Cameroonians
http://kspjournals.org/index.php/JEL/article/view/2441
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The complexity of the job market, which has led, among other things, to underemployment, unemployment and the tenfold increase in the informal sector, leads to the problem of the employability of young people. According to the report of the International Labor Organization (ILO, 2022), the youth unemployment rate exceeds 23% in 2021 in the Central African sub-region. To solve this problem, several strategies have been used; in particular, the creation of public and private support services for job seekers. Despite all this, the concern for the employability of young people is still acute. The objective of this research is to show that young job seekers with fatalistic beliefs who have undergone priming are psychologically more prepared than those who are not.</p><p><strong>Keywords.</strong> Competitiveness; Production; Financial, and governance pillars; Farms.</p><strong>JEL. </strong>Q10; O31; O33; Q01; Q16; Q18.Sabine Célestine ETA-FOUDA BIDZOAFrançoise Désirée ABESSOLO101-2253510.1453/jel.v10i1-2.2441How successful are International Monetary Fund loan programs?
http://kspjournals.org/index.php/JEL/article/view/2442
Kavish HAJARNAVISDhruv MAHAJANHyunwoo ROH101-2364810.1453/jel.v10i1-2.2442